愤 (fèn) - Meaning, Stroke Order & Audio

愤

fèn[fen4]Tone 4

indignant, anger, resentment

HSK 6

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憤

Guru Deep Dive

English · indignant, anger, resentment

Cached lesson

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Topology:Left-right

Strokes:12

Writing Balance Rule: The left radical (忄) is compressed vertically and placed tightly to make room for the complex right component (贲). Keep the overall width balanced.

Simplification Logic: The traditional form 憤 uses 棥 for the phonetic component, which was simplified to 贲 in the modern character 愤.

1. Meaning

indignant, anger, resentment

filled with righteous indignationstriving or burning with ambition (as in 奋 / 愤)

Adjective / Bound Morphemeliterary / formalBound morpheme#emotions#psychological state#attitude

Sample Usage

气愤
qìfèn
furious, indignant
愤愤不平
fènfèn bù píng
feeling a strong sense of injustice and resentment

2. Sound

/[fən⁵¹]/Tone: 51

愤

fènfen4

`(51)

=fèn

Initial Consonant

Type: Labiodental Fricative

Sounds like: f sound as in 'fun'

Unaspirated

Airflow Tactile Test: Continuous smooth friction.

Tongue & Mouth Position: Upper teeth touch the inner lower lip for 'f', tongue lies flat and relaxed in the center of the mouth.

Final Rhyme

Vowel Group: -e vowel group

Sounds like: rhymes with 'en' in 'pen' or 'un' in 'fun'

Mouth Shape Guide: Pronounce as standalone vowel 'uhn'.

Common Learner Trap: Keep vowel quality steady across all 4 tone contours.

Tone

T4 (51)

5 → 1 (51)

4th Tone (High-Falling)

Tone Pitch & Cadence: Tone 4 starts high and drops sharply like a command or an angry exclamation ('No!'), which matches the meaning of anger and indignation.

👂

Listening trap: Confusing the vowel sound with English 'fun' or mixing up the 4th falling tone with the 3rd dipping tone (fěn).

👋

Physical Tone Gesture: A sharp, forceful downward karate chop, matching the strong and abrupt drop of the 4th tone.

3. Writing

Topology: Left-right · Strokes: 12 strokes

Writing Balance Rule: The left radical (忄) is compressed vertically and placed tightly to make room for the complex right component (贲). Keep the overall width balanced.

Simplification Logic: The traditional form 憤 uses 棥 for the phonetic component, which was simplified to 贲 in the modern character 愤.

4. Components

Radical 忄 · heart radical (vertical variant) (emotions, psychological state, heart)

Semantic Clue (形旁): 忄 (indicates that the word relates to an emotion or mental state (anger/resentment))

Phonetic Clue (声旁): 贲 (original sound: bēn / fèn)

The heart radical (忄) on the left pairs with the phonetic and structural component '贲' (bēn/fèn) on the right to express a heart bursting with repressed anger or resentment.

忄 heart / emotion
贲 phonetic clue providing the sound framework

Phonetic Family (形声字家族)

5· Phonetic Root: 贲 (bēn)

5. History

Liushu category: Phono-semantic (形声)

Origin: Combined from the heart radical (忄) denoting feelings and 贲 as the phonetic indicator. Originally depicted the intense internal pressure of boiling emotions within the chest.

Semantic Evolution: Has consistently referred to inner emotional agitation, indignation, and resentment from classical times to modern Mandarin.

Often paired with 怒 (nù) to form compound words like 愤怒 (fènnù, anger).

6. Sinosphere

🇻🇳

Sino-Vietnamese

phẫn

The rising/glottal inflection of the Vietnamese hỏi tone corresponds conceptually to strong emotional intensity.

🇯🇵

Kanji (Japanese)

On: フン (fun) / Kun: いきどお.る (ikidooru)

🇰🇷

Hanja (Korean)

분

Sound Shift Bridge: Shared East Asian literary root 'fun/fèn/분' originating from Middle Chinese.

7. Memory

Vivid Mnemonic Story

Your HEART (忄) burns with such intense FEN-cing passion and resentment that you feel completely INDIGNANT.

Phonetic Family (形声字家族)

奋

fènstrive, exertUses the great/big shape (大) on top instead of the heart radical (忄).

喷

pēnspurt, sprayUses the mouth radical (口) on the left instead of the heart radical.

Lookalikes & Traps (形近字)

奋(fèn)

奋 means to exert energy (with 'big' 大 on top), while 愤 means anger (with 'heart' 忄 on the left).

8. Mastery

Active Recall Challenge

听到这个不公的消息，他心里感到非常气[___]。

Clue: fèn

Common Learner Pitfall

Confusing 愤 (fèn, anger) with 奋 (fèn, exertion/striving) because they share the same pinyin and sound, forgetting that anger comes from the heart (忄).

Memory Prompts

Recognition: When you see 愤, what English meaning and tone do you recall?

Production: How do you write the character for 'indignant / resentment' (fèn) starting with the heart radical?

愤fènindignant, anger, resentment

Speed:

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